Lern/ConcepT

Cholelithiasis Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstone disease. Gallstones are concretions that form in the biliary tract, usually in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located under the liver. It stores bile, a fluid that helps the body digest fats. Gallstones can be made of cholesterol, bilirubin, or a combination of both. Cholesterol gallstones are the most common type. They form when there is too much cholesterol in bile. Bilirubin gallstones form when there is too much bilirubin in bile. Bilirubin is a waste product that is created when red blood cells break down. Gallstones can be small or large, and they can be single or multiple. They can also be smooth or lumpy. Most gallstones do not cause any problems. However, some gallstones can block the bile duct, which can lead to pain, inflammation, and other complications.

Myositis syndrome Myositis syndrome is a group of diseases that cause inflammation of the muscles. The most common type of myositis syndrome is polymyositis, which affects the muscles of the shoulders, hips, and neck. Other types of myositis syndrome include dermatomyositis, inclusion body myositis, and overlap myositis. The exact cause of myositis syndrome is unknown, but it is thought to be an autoimmune disease. This means that the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue.

Cholecystitis Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located under the liver. It stores bile, a fluid that helps the body digest fats. Cholecystitis is most commonly caused by gallstones. Gallstones are hard deposits that form in the gallbladder. When a gallstone blocks the bile duct, bile backs up into the gallbladder and causes inflammation.

insomnia   Insomnia is a sleep disorder that makes it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep. It can cause daytime fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. There are many different causes of insomnia, including: Stress: Stress can make it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep. Anxiety: Anxiety can also make it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep. Depression: Depression can also make it difficult to fall asleep and stay asleep. Medical conditions: Some medical conditions, such as pain, restless legs syndrome, and sleep apnea, can cause insomnia. Medications: Some medications, such as cold medications, can cause insomnia. Poor sleep habits: Poor sleep habits, such as going to bed and waking up at different times each day, can also cause insomnia. There are many different things you can do to treat insomnia, including: Good sleep habits: Establish a regular sleep-wake schedule and stick to it as much as possible, even on weekend...

Flatulence   Flatulence, also known as gas, is a normal bodily function that occurs when gas is produced in the digestive tract and released through the rectum. It is caused by the breakdown of food by bacteria in the gut. Flatulence is usually not a cause for concern, but it can be embarrassing and uncomfortable. There are a number of things that can cause flatulence, including: Eating certain foods: Foods that are high in fiber, such as beans, legumes, and vegetables, can cause gas. Chewing gum: Chewing gum can cause you to swallow more air, which can lead to gas. Drinking carbonated beverages: Carbonated beverages contain carbon dioxide, which can cause gas. Smoking: Smoking can irritate the lining of the digestive tract and lead to gas. Certain medical conditions: Some medical conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and celiac disease, can cause excessive gas. There are a number of things you can do to reduce flatulence, including: Eating slo...

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme that is found in muscle tissue, the heart, and the brain. It is responsible for converting creatine to creatine phosphate, which is a form of energy that is used by cells. When muscle tissue is damaged, CPK leaks into the bloodstream. This is why CPK levels are often elevated in people who have had a heart attack, muscle injury, or stroke. CPK is also used to diagnose other conditions, such as muscular dystrophy and myositis. There are three main types of CPK: CK-MM: This is the most common type of CPK and is found in muscle tissue. CK-MB: This type of CPK is found in the heart muscle. CK-BB: This type of CPK is found in the brain. The levels of each type of CPK can be measured in the blood to help diagnose different conditions. For example, if CK-MB levels are elevated, it is likely that the person has had a heart attack. If CK-MM levels are elevated, it is likely that the person has had a muscle inju...

 ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERS: Colour: Many pharmaceutical tablets use color as a vital means of rapid identification and consumer acceptance. The colour of a product must be uniform within a single tablet.Non- uniformity is referred to as 'mottling' and hence it leads to poor quality of product. Odour: The presence of odor in a batch of tablets could indicate stability problems, such as the odor of acetic acid in degrading aspirin tablets. However, the presence of an odor could be characteristic for the drug (vitamins), added ingredients (flavoring agents) or the dosage form (film-coated tablets). Taste:  Taste is important in consumer acceptance of, especially, chewable tablets.