BRANCHES OF MICROBIOLOGY 


General microbiology is classified into main three branches which are tabulated below.



By Taxonomy 

• Bacteriology: It is the study of bacteria. 

• Immunology: It is the study of the immune system. It looks at the relationships between pathogens such as bacteria and viruses and their hosts. 

• Mycology: It is the study of fungi, such as yeasts and molds. 

• Nematology: It is the study of nematodes (roundworms). 

• Parasitology: It is the study of parasites. Not all parasites are microorganisms, but many are. Protozoa and bacteria can be parasitic; the study of bacterial parasites is usually categorized as part of bacteriology. 

• Phycology: It is the study of algae. 

• Protozoology: It is the study of protozoa, single-celled organisms like amoebae. 

• Virology: It is the study of viruses. 



By Type of Research 

 • Astromicrobiology: It is the study of the origin of life on Earth, and the search for extra terrestrial life. 

 • Evolutionary microbiology: It is the evolution of microorganisms. 

 • Microbial cytology: It is the study of microscopic and submicroscopic details of microorganisms. 

 • Microbial physiology: It is the study of biochemical functioning of the microbial cells with respect to the study of microbial growth, microbial metabolism and microbial cell structure. 

 • Microbial ecology: It is the relationship between microorganisms and their environment. 

 • Microbial genetics: It is the study of how genes are organized and regulated in microbes in relation to their cellular functions which is closely related to the field of molecular biology. 

 • Cellular microbiology: It is a discipline bridging microbiology and cell biology. 

 • Evolutionary microbiology: It is the study of the evolution of microbes. This field can be subdivided into: 
 − Microbial taxonomy: It is the study of naming and classification of microorganisms. 
 − Microbial systematics: It is the study of the diversity and genetic relationship of microorganisms. 

 • Generation microbiology: It is the study of those microorganisms that have the same characts their parents.

 • Molecular microbiology: It is the study of the molecular principles of the physiological processes in microorganisms. 

 • Nano microbiology: It is the study of those microorganisms on Nano level. 

 • Biological agent: It is the study of those microorganisms which are being used in weapon industries. 


Applied Microbiology 


 • Medical microbiology: It is the study of the pathogenic microbes that are responsible for human illness. It includes the study of microbial pathogenesis and epidemiology and is related to the study of disease pathology and immunology. 

 • Pharmaceutical microbiology: It is the study of microorganisms that are related to the production of antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins, vaccines, and other pharmaceutical products and that cause pharmaceutical contamination and spoil. 

 • Industrial microbiology: It is the exploitation of microbes for use in industrial processes like industrial fermentation and waste water treatment which is linked to the biotechnology industry. 

 • Microbial biotechnology: It is the study of genetic and molecular level manipulation of microorganisms to generate useful products. 

 • Food microbiology and Dairy microbiology: It is the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage and food borne illness. 

 • Agricultural microbiology: It is the study of agriculturally relevant microorganisms. This field can be further classified into the following: Plant microbiology and Plant pathology, where the interactions between microorganisms and plants and plant pathogens are studied. Secondly soil microbiology: It is the study of those microorganisms that are found in soil. 

 • Veterinary microbiology: It is the study of the role of microbes in veterinary medicine or animal taxonomy. 

 • Environmental microbiology: It is the study of the function and diversity of microbes in their natural environments. This involves the characterization of key bacterial habitats such as the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, soil and groundwater ecosystems, open oceans or extreme environments (extremophiles). This field includes other branches of microbiology such as: 
  Microbial ecology: It is the study of the relationship of microorganisms with one another with their environment. 
  Microbially mediated nutrient cycling: It is the study of the movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of matter through microorganisms. 
 Geomicrobiology: It is the interdisciplinary study of the interactions of microorganisms and earth materials such as soil, sediment, atmosphere, minerals and rocks. 
  Microbial diversity: It is the study of number of species and abundance of each species of microorganisms that are distributed in an ecological community.
 Bioremediation: It is a process used to treat contaminated media, including water, soil and subsurface material, by altering environmental conditions to stimulate growth of microorganisms and degrade the target pollutants. 
  Aquatic microbiology: It is the study of those microorganisms that are found in water. 
  Aero microbiology: It is the study of airborne microorganisms. 

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