Culture media:

Culture media are the base where microorganisms can grow with the help of nutrients and under the influence of physical growth parameters. All microorganisms cannot grow in a single culture medium and in fact many cannot grow in any known culture medium.

Some organisms cannot grow in artificial culture medium are known as obligate parasites. Examples: Mycobacterium leprae, Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Treponema pallidum.


Why we need culture medium??

_ we need this for study about bacteria for any medical helps. 
_ different types of bacteria need different types of culture media for growth.

Culture media is divided into these categories:

Based on consistency
based on composition
based on applications


Based on consistency:

It is of these types-- solid, semi- solid, liquid
So, bacteria needs different media.

And Agar is much more important for this, It is an solidifying agent.

Agar [1.52 %] -- Solid Medium -- E.g. Nutrient Agar
Agar [Less than 0.5%] -- Semi- Solid E.g. Nutrient broth containing 0.5% Agar
Agar [Absent] -- Liquid -- fluid thioglycollate broth.

Based on composition

It is depend upon the quality  or quantity off material which is used to prepare culture media.

Material which is used in this is-- energy source, carbon source, nitrogen source, water growth factors and salts.

Synthetic [highly pure]: In which we know the composition of ingredients. 
                                           E.g. Peptone Water [1% Peptone + 0.5% NaCl in water]

Non synthetic [impure]: In which we don't know about the composition of ingredients.

Based on application:

In which we create culture media according to need a bacteria or bases of applications of bacteria.

1. Basic culture media: It is applicable for all bacteria because it contains all types of essential material, so in which all types of bacteria can grow.

2. Enriched culture media: It is for those bacteria who is need extra nutritional material. [extra materials are blood, steam]

3. Selective culture media: These are specially designed culture medium made for special or any one bacteria.

4. Enrichment culture media: It is designed for some specific type of bacteria and in this media antibiotic is used for reduce unwanted bacteria so that special  type of bacteria grow easily.

5. Differential culture media [ Or Indicator]: In which metabolic dye is used to identify the different colonies by different colour. [Dye is used for colour] 

Examples: 
 1. Mannitol salts agar (mannitol fermentation = Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus produces yellow colonies with yellow zones. 
 2. Blood agar (various kinds of hemolysis i.e. α, β and γ hemolysis). 
 3. Mac Conkey Agar (lactose fermenters, pink colonies whereas non-lactose fermenter produces pale or colourless colonies. 
 4. TCBS (Vibrio cholerae produces yellow colonies due to fermentation of sucrose). 

6. Transport  medium: It is used when culture medium is made for long time or not used frequently. And it is prevent from drying.

It is used because, in culture media bacteria is died in around 7 days, but if need this after 15 to 20 days or after many days, we prepare this transport culture media.

7. Anaerobic culture media: it is used for those bacteria, which does not required Oxygen and in which why use Hemin or Vitamin- K and bacteria will grow easily.
E.g. Robertson's Cooked meat medium.

8. Assay Medium: This culture media is used for study purpose in which we have to know about the concentration of material which is used to make culture media.
It is  right, perfect or not.




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