Morphological Classification of Bacteria 



True bacteria:

💖They are major group of classification which is further divided in to two sub-groups namely Cocci and Bacilli.

💖Cocci are various types--

>>Mono cocci (single cocci): Monococcus species.

>>Diplococci (Cocci in pairs): Streptococcus pneumonia.

>>Staphylococci (Cocci in a bunch form): Staphylococcus aureus.

>>Streptococci (Cocci in chain form): Streptococcus pyogenes.

>>Tetrad (Cocci in group in four): Micrococcus species.

>>Sarcina (Cocci in group in eight, cube like): Sarcina ventriculi .



💖Thereafter, Bacilli, which are rod like structure on the basis of arrangement of organisms they are classified in to:

>>Diplobacilli (Pairs)

>>Streptobacilli (Chais)

>>Palisades

>>Coccobacilli (Oval)

>>Comma shaped bacilli (Vibrio).

>>Club rods (Corynebacteriaceae),

>>Enlarged rods (Fusobacterium) 




Actinomycetes:

They are rigid organism but look like fungi.

They exhibit branching and tend to form filaments.

 Basically they are Gram positive, but several species have complex cell wall structures that make the Gram staining unsuitable (e.g. Mycobacteriaceae).

They are widely distributed in soil, compost etc.

They are heterotrophic, aerobic, and mesophilic organisms. 


 

Spirochaetes:

They are double-membrane bacteria, most of which have long, non-branched, helically coiled cells.

They are Gram negative and are chemoheterotrophic in nature.

The length varies between 3 and 500 µm and diameters around 0.09 to 3 µm.

Anaerobic in nature.



Mycoplasmas:

They are the smallest bacterial cell and not having rigid cell wall.

They are indefinite shape and highly pleomorphic (alter their shape or size in response to Environmental conditions) in nature.

They can be parasitic or saprotrophic. 

Several species of mycoplasmas are pathogenic in humans.

Like Mycoplasma pneumoniae which causes pneumonia and other respiratory disorders. M. genitalium which involves in pelvic inflammatory diseases.




Rickettsia:

They are non-motile, Gram negative, non-spore forming, small intracellular and pleomorphic bacteria.

They are also present as cocci (0.1 µm in diameter), rods (1-4 µm long), or thread-like (10 µm long) forms.

Rickettsia species are the pathogens responsible for typhus, rickettsial pox, Boutonneuse fever and are susceptible to antibiotics of the tetracycline group.

Examples: Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia typhi etc. 



Chlamydiae:

They are ovoid in shape and Gram negative bacteria.

Their cell wall is consisting of peptidoglycan and other proteins.

They are very small, obligate intracellular parasites. They multiply in the cytoplasm of their host cell by a distinctive developmental cycle.

They commonly infect humans are eye disease, pneumonia, psittacosis etc.

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