Applications of Emulsion 



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Latex is the cytoplasm of specialized cells, or laticifers, that form an internal secretory system associated with phloem tissues of the vascular system throughout the plant (Thureson-Klein, 1970). The manual lancing of unripe seed capsules is the traditional method for the collection of opium poppy latex.
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Mechanism of Action of Insulin  Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels.  Here’s how it works: Glucose Absorption: When carbohydrates are consumed, body breaks them down into glucose, a simple sugar that serves as a vital energy source.  (a) Insulin attaches to insulin receptors of the target cell. (b) Activates a cascade of signaling leading to the formation of certain protein called GLUT4 which is a glucose transporter protein,   (c) GLUT4 is then translocated to the Plasma membrane and Transport glucose into the cell. (d) Inside the cell Glucose converted to Glucose-6-phosphate which is used as a source of energy.  - In that way the glucose absorption pathway is regulated by the action of Insulin.   FIG: MOA of insulin  Picture Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Mechanism-of-action-of-insulin-17_fig1_325007874
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 MOA of alpha glucosidase inhibitors: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are a class of oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 EXAMPLE: Acarbose  MOA (a) Reduces intestinal absorption of Starch, dextrin and disaccharide by inhibiting the action of alpha-glucosidase in intestinal brush border. (b) Inhibition of the enzyme slows the absorption of carbohydrates .  (c) Alpha glucosidase helps in the conversion of Oligosaccharides to monosaccharides which further absorbed and results in rise of postprandial rise in plasma glucose .  (d) Inhibition of AG results in no conversion (or less) of Oligosaccharides to monosaccharides . (e) As a result, postprandial rise in plasma glucose is reduced.  Picture source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Mechanism-of-action-of-alpha-glucosidase-inhibitors_fig2_279991207 Side Effects: GIT problems  Liver Problems  Hypoglycaemia  Allergic Reactions 
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